双语化学辞典Chem Lexicon
研究生Graduate 表面、胶体与传递过程 Surfaces, colloids & transport

BET 多层吸附等温式BET isotherm

\[\frac{p}{V(p_0 - p)} = \frac{1}{V_mc} + \frac{c - 1}{V_mc}\cdot\frac{p}{p_0},\qquad S = \frac{V_mN_A\sigma}{V_\text{mol}}\]

含义Meaning

布鲁诺尔、埃梅特、特勒(1938)把朗缪尔模型推广到多层物理吸附,用 77 K 下 N₂ 吸附测定固体比表面积,是催化剂、多孔材料表征的标准方法。

Brunauer, Emmett and Teller (1938) extended Langmuir to multilayer physisorption; N₂ adsorption at 77 K gives specific surface areas — the standard method for catalysts and porous materials.

符号说明Symbols

符号Symbol含义 Meaning单位 Unit
\(p_0\)吸附质饱和蒸气压saturation vapour pressurePa
\(c\)BET 常数 ≈ e^{(ΔH₁ − ΔH_L)/RT}BET constant1
\(\sigma\)每个吸附分子占的面积(N₂ 0.162 nm²)cross-sectional area (N₂ 0.162 nm²)m²
\(V_\text{mol}\)标准状况摩尔体积molar volume at STPcm³·mol⁻¹

推导Derivation

  1. 每层都按朗缪尔动态平衡处理;第一层吸附热 ΔH₁,第二层以上等于液化热 ΔH_L。

    Each layer is a Langmuir equilibrium; the first has ΔH₁, higher ones the heat of liquefaction.

  2. 对各层覆盖面积求和(几何级数),得总吸附量 \(V/V_m = cx/[(1 - x)(1 - x + cx)]\),\(x = p/p_0\)。

    Summing layers gives \(V/V_m = cx/[(1-x)(1-x+cx)]\).

  3. 整理为线性形式,在 \(p/p_0 \approx 0.05–0.30\) 范围作图求 V_m 和 c,再换算面积。

    Linearise and fit at p/p₀ ≈ 0.05–0.30.

适用条件与局限Assumptions & limitations

  • 只在相对压力约 0.05–0.3 内线性;微孔材料(沸石、MOF)中 BET 面积只是“表观”值。

    Linear only at p/p₀ ≈ 0.05–0.3; for microporous solids the BET area is apparent.

例题Worked example

若 V_m = 100 cm³(STP)/g:S = 100/22414 × 6.022×10²³ × 0.162×10⁻¹⁸ m² ≈ 435 m²/g。

V_m = 100 cm³(STP)/g gives S ≈ 435 m²/g.