含义Meaning
多种离子同时可透过时的稳态膜电位,按各离子的通透系数加权。阴离子内外浓度位置互换。
Steady-state potential with several permeant ions, weighted by permeabilities; anion concentrations swap places.
符号说明Symbols
| 符号Symbol | 含义 Meaning | 单位 Unit |
|---|---|---|
| \(V_m\) | 膜电位membrane potential | V |
| \(P_i\) | 离子通透系数permeability | m·s⁻¹ |
推导Derivation
假设膜内电场均匀(恒定场假设),用能斯特–普朗克方程求每种离子的电流。
Assume a uniform field in the membrane (constant-field) and solve Nernst–Planck for each ion’s current.
稳态时总电流为零:\(I_\mathrm{K} + I_\mathrm{Na} + I_\mathrm{Cl} = 0\)。
At steady state the net current is zero.
解出 \(V_m\) 得上式;只有一种离子通透时退化为能斯特方程。
Solving for \(V_m\) gives the GHK equation, which reduces to Nernst for one ion.
适用条件与局限Assumptions & limitations
恒定场假设、离子独立通过;忽略主动转运(Na⁺/K⁺ 泵的生电贡献)。
Constant field, independent ion movement; ignores electrogenic pumps.
例题Worked example
静息时 P_K : P_Na : P_Cl ≈ 1 : 0.04 : 0.45,给出约 −70 mV;动作电位峰值 P_Na 增大约 500 倍,V_m 接近 E_Na。
At rest P_K : P_Na : P_Cl ≈ 1 : 0.04 : 0.45 gives ≈ −70 mV; at the spike P_Na rises ~500-fold and V_m approaches E_Na.