双语化学辞典Chem Lexicon
概念 · 基本概念 · 物质的组成 Fundamental concepts · Composition of matter

阴离子Anion

高中High school
拼音 yīn lí zǐ 别名 负离子; negative ion常见误译 阳离子Cation(anion 移向阳极(anode),但它是阴离子,不是“阳离子”) (Anions move to the anode but are 阴离子 (negative ions), not 阳离子)

定义Definition

阴离子是带负电荷的离子,原子或原子团得到电子后形成,如 Cl⁻、O²⁻、S²⁻、OH⁻、SO₄²⁻、NO₃⁻。电解时阴离子移向阳极(正极),在阳极失去电子。

An anion is a negatively charged ion, formed when an atom or group of atoms gains electrons, such as Cl⁻, O²⁻, S²⁻, OH⁻, SO₄²⁻ and NO₃⁻. In electrolysis anions move to the anode (positive electrode), where they lose electrons.

形成规律Which elements form anions

非金属元素电子亲和能较大,容易得到电子达到稀有气体构型:第 17 族形成 −1 价离子(F⁻、Cl⁻),第 16 族形成 −2 价离子(O²⁻、S²⁻),氮可形成 N³⁻。许多阴离子是含氧酸根。

Non-metals gain electrons readily to reach a noble-gas configuration: group 17 forms −1 ions (F⁻, Cl⁻), group 16 forms −2 ions (O²⁻, S²⁻), and nitrogen can form N³⁻. Many anions are oxoanions.

命名Naming

单原子阴离子中文称“某离子”,英文用 -ide 结尾(chloride、oxide);含氧酸根中氧多的用 -ate(sulfate,硫酸根),氧少的用 -ite(sulfite,亚硫酸根)。详见本站的离子名称表。

Simple anions end in -ide in English (chloride, oxide); for oxoanions, -ate has more oxygen (sulfate) and -ite less (sulfite). See the site's ion-names table for more.