定义Definition
氢氧化钾 KOH 是白色固体，强碱，易溶于水并大量放热，有强腐蚀性。它易潮解，并吸收空气中的二氧化碳生成碳酸钾。KOH 用于制造软肥皂和钾盐，也是碱性电池的电解质。
Potassium hydroxide, KOH, is a white solid and a strong base that dissolves readily in water with much heat and is highly corrosive. It is deliquescent and absorbs carbon dioxide from the air to form potassium carbonate. It is used to make soft soaps and potassium salts and as the electrolyte in alkaline batteries.
性质与用途Properties and uses
化学性质与 NaOH 相似：与酸中和，与 CO₂ 反应（2KOH + CO₂ → K₂CO₃ + H₂O），与油脂皂化。钾皂比钠皂软、更易溶，用于液体皂。KOH 的乙醇溶液常用于卤代烃的消除反应。
Its chemistry resembles that of NaOH: it neutralises acids, absorbs CO₂ (2KOH + CO₂ → K₂CO₃ + H₂O) and saponifies fats. Potassium soaps are softer and more soluble than sodium soaps and are used in liquid soap. Ethanolic KOH is the usual reagent for eliminating HX from halogenoalkanes.
化学性质Chemical properties
吸收二氧化碳：2KOH + CO₂ → K₂CO₃ + H₂O
Absorbs carbon dioxide: 2KOH + CO₂ → K₂CO₃ + H₂O
与卤代烃在乙醇中发生消除生成烯烃
Eliminates HX from halogenoalkanes in ethanol to give alkenes