定义Definition
分液漏斗是一种带磨口塞和下端活塞的梨形（或球形、筒形）玻璃漏斗，用于液-液萃取和分离两种互不相溶的液体。
A separatory funnel is a pear-shaped (or round or cylindrical) glass funnel with a ground stopper and a stopcock at the bottom, used for liquid–liquid extraction and for separating two immiscible liquids.
使用方法How to use it
使用前检查活塞和塞子是否漏液（聚四氟乙烯活塞不需涂油，玻璃活塞需涂少量凡士林）。装入液体不超过容积的 3/4。振摇时一手按住塞子，一手握住活塞，倒置后打开活塞放气，反复数次。静置分层后，打开上口塞子（或使塞上凹槽对准小孔）使内外气压相通，下层液体从活塞放出，上层液体从上口倒出，以免互相污染。
Check the stopcock and stopper for leaks first (PTFE stopcocks need no grease; glass ones need a little). Fill to no more than three-quarters. Shake with one hand on the stopper and the other on the stopcock, invert and open the stopcock to vent, and repeat. After the layers separate, remove the stopper (or line up its groove with the vent hole) to equalise pressure, drain the lower layer through the stopcock and pour the upper layer out of the top so the two do not contaminate each other.
注意事项Cautions
不能加热；用碳酸氢钠溶液洗涤酸性有机层时会生成大量 CO₂，必须频繁放气；乙醚等低沸点溶剂振摇后蒸气压大，也要及时放气，放气时出口不能对着人。判断哪层是有机层可加几滴水观察。出现乳化时可静置、加饱和食盐水或过滤破乳。
Never heat it; washing acidic organic layers with bicarbonate releases much CO₂, so vent often; low-boiling solvents such as ether build vapour pressure on shaking and also need venting, with the outlet pointed away from people. To tell which layer is organic, add a few drops of water and watch. Break emulsions by standing, adding brine or filtering.
其他用途Other uses
恒压滴液漏斗带有平衡管，可在密闭体系中向反应瓶匀速滴加液体试剂，常用于格氏反应、低温反应等。
A pressure-equalising dropping funnel, with a side tube to balance pressure, adds liquid reagents steadily to a closed reaction flask and is common in Grignard and low-temperature reactions.
年表Timeline
- 19 世纪
分液漏斗成为有机实验标准仪器
The separatory funnel becomes standard organic glassware