定义Definition
锶是原子序数为 38 的元素，符号 Sr，属于第二族碱土金属。锶是银白色软金属，与水反应比钙剧烈。锶的化合物使火焰呈洋红色，用于烟花和信号弹。核裂变产物锶-90 具有放射性，会在骨骼中蓄积。
Strontium is the element with atomic number 38 and symbol Sr, a group 2 alkaline earth metal. It is a soft silvery metal that reacts with water more vigorously than calcium. Its compounds colour flames crimson and are used in fireworks and flares. Strontium-90, a fission product, is radioactive and accumulates in bone.
元素数据Element data
| 原子序数Atomic number | 38 |
|---|---|
| 元素符号Symbol | Sr |
| 相对原子质量Standard atomic weight | 87.62 |
| 电子排布Electron configuration | [Kr] 5s² |
| 族 / 周期 / 区Group / period / block | 2 / 5 / s |
| 电负性（鲍林）Electronegativity (Pauling) | 0.95 |
| 常见氧化态Common oxidation states | +2 |
化学性质Chemical properties
Sr + 2H₂O → Sr(OH)₂ + H₂，Sr(OH)₂ 的溶解度比 Ca(OH)₂ 大；SrSO₄ 难溶，溶解度介于 CaSO₄ 和 BaSO₄ 之间；SrCO₃ 比 CaCO₃ 更难热分解。这些都符合第二族从上到下的变化规律。
Sr + 2H₂O → Sr(OH)₂ + H₂; Sr(OH)₂ is more soluble than Ca(OH)₂, SrSO₄ is sparingly soluble with a solubility between those of CaSO₄ and BaSO₄, and SrCO₃ is harder to decompose than CaCO₃, all in line with the trends down group 2.
化学性质Chemical properties
与水反应：Sr + 2H₂O → Sr(OH)₂ + H₂
Reacts with water: Sr + 2H₂O → Sr(OH)₂ + H₂
年表Timeline
- 1808
戴维用电解法首次制得金属锶
Davy first isolates strontium metal by electrolysis