\[a_0 = \frac{4\pi\varepsilon_0\hbar^2}{m_e e^2} = 5.29177\times10^{-11}\ \mathrm m\]
含义Meaning
氢原子基态玻尔轨道半径,也是 1s 电子径向分布函数的极大位置,原子单位制中的长度单位。
The radius of hydrogen’s ground Bohr orbit and the peak of the 1s radial distribution; the atomic unit of length.
符号说明Symbols
| 符号Symbol | 含义 Meaning | 单位 Unit |
|---|---|---|
| \(\varepsilon_0\) | 真空电容率vacuum permittivity | F·m⁻¹ |
| \(m_e\) | 电子质量electron mass | kg |
推导Derivation
由玻尔模型 \(r_n = n^2a_0\) 取 n = 1、Z = 1。
From \(r_n = n^2a_0\) with n = Z = 1.
量子力学中 \(\langle r\rangle_{1s} = 1.5a_0\),最可几半径为 a₀。
Quantum mechanically \(\langle r\rangle_{1s} = 1.5a_0\); the most probable radius is a₀.
适用条件与局限Assumptions & limitations
用电子质量;严格的氢原子应用约化质量(a_H = a₀ × m_e/μ,大约 0.05%)。
Uses m_e; hydrogen’s exact value uses the reduced mass (~0.05 % larger).