含义Meaning
多齿配体形成的螯合物比相应单齿配体配合物稳定得多,主要来自熵增:一个螯合配体置换出多个单齿配体,溶液中自由粒子数增加。
Chelates are much more stable than analogous complexes of monodentate ligands, mainly for entropic reasons: one chelate releases several monodentate ligands.
符号说明Symbols
| 符号Symbol | 含义 Meaning | 单位 Unit |
|---|---|---|
| \(\Delta S^\circ\) | 反应标准熵变standard entropy change | J·mol⁻¹·K⁻¹ |
| \(\mathrm{en}\) | 乙二胺(二齿)ethylenediamine (bidentate) |
推导Derivation
Ni–N 键数目、键型相同,故 ΔH° 接近(−12 kJ/mol 左右)。
Same number and type of Ni–N bonds, so ΔH° is small (~ −12 kJ/mol).
反应物 4 个粒子 → 产物 7 个粒子,ΔS° 明显为正(约 +185 J/(mol·K))。
4 particles → 7 particles: ΔS° strongly positive (~ +185 J mol⁻¹ K⁻¹).
总体 lg β 由约 8.6(6NH₃)升至约 18.3(3en),差约 10 个数量级。
lg β rises from ~8.6 (6 NH₃) to ~18.3 (3 en) — about ten orders of magnitude.
动力学图像:一端已结合后,另一端处于高“有效浓度”,闭环极易。
Kinetic picture: once one end binds, the other has a very high effective concentration.
适用条件与局限Assumptions & limitations
五元、六元螯合环最有利;环过大或张力大时效应减弱。
Five- and six-membered rings are best; larger or strained rings weaken it.
熵效应的大小依赖标准态选择(1 mol/L),比较时应注意。
The magnitude depends on the 1 M standard state.