含义Meaning
考虑酸效应(Y⁴⁻ 被质子化)和金属离子副反应后,实际条件下配合物的“有效”稳定常数。由它判断某 pH 下能否用 EDTA 准确滴定(林邦)。
The effective formation constant after allowing for protonation of Y⁴⁻ and side reactions of the metal (Ringbom). It decides whether EDTA titration is accurate at a given pH.
符号说明Symbols
| 符号Symbol | 含义 Meaning | 单位 Unit |
|---|---|---|
| \(K_\mathrm{MY}\) | 绝对稳定常数absolute formation constant | L·mol⁻¹ |
| \(\alpha_{\mathrm Y(\mathrm H)}\) | EDTA 酸效应系数(= c_Y′/[Y⁴⁻])acid side-reaction coefficient | 1 |
| \(\alpha_\mathrm M\) | 金属离子副反应系数metal side-reaction coefficient | 1 |
| \(c_\mathrm M\) | 计量点时金属浓度metal concentration at equivalence | mol·L⁻¹ |
推导Derivation
游离 Y⁴⁻ 只占未配位 EDTA 的 \(1/\alpha_{\mathrm Y(\mathrm H)}\)。
Free Y⁴⁻ is a fraction \(1/\alpha_{\mathrm Y(\mathrm H)}\) of uncomplexed EDTA.
用总浓度 [Y′]、[M′] 改写平衡式:\(K' = [\mathrm{MY}]/([\mathrm M'][\mathrm Y']) = K/(\alpha_\mathrm M\alpha_\mathrm Y)\)。
Rewrite with total concentrations: \(K' = K/(\alpha_\mathrm M\alpha_\mathrm Y)\).
终点误差 ≤ 0.1%、ΔpM = ±0.2 时推出判据 \(\lg cK' \ge 6\);由此得到每种金属的最低滴定 pH(林邦曲线)。
For ≤ 0.1 % error the criterion is lg cK′ ≥ 6, giving the minimum pH per metal (Ringbom curve).
适用条件与局限Assumptions & limitations
活度效应忽略;αY(H) 依赖所用 pKa 数值和离子强度。
Ignores activity; αY(H) depends on the pKa set and ionic strength.
例题Worked example
Ca²⁺(lg K = 10.7)在 pH 10(lg αY(H) = 0.45):lg K′ = 10.25,c = 0.01 mol/L 时 lg cK′ = 8.25 ≥ 6,可滴定。
Ca²⁺ at pH 10: lg K′ = 10.25, lg cK′ = 8.25 — titratable.