双语化学辞典Chem Lexicon
本科Undergraduate 误差统计、校准与色谱 Statistics, calibration & chromatography

条件稳定常数(EDTA 滴定)Conditional formation constant (EDTA titration)

\[\lg K'_\mathrm{MY} = \lg K_\mathrm{MY} - \lg\alpha_{\mathrm Y(\mathrm H)} - \lg\alpha_\mathrm M,\qquad \lg(c_\mathrm M K'_\mathrm{MY}) \ge 6\ \text{可准确滴定}\]\[\lg K'_\mathrm{MY} = \lg K_\mathrm{MY} - \lg\alpha_{\mathrm Y(\mathrm H)} - \lg\alpha_\mathrm M,\qquad \lg(c_\mathrm M K'_\mathrm{MY}) \ge 6\ \text{titratable}\]
EDTA 的酸效应系数acid side-reaction coefficient of EDTA
\[\alpha_{\mathrm Y(\mathrm H)} = 1 + \frac{[\mathrm H^+]}{K_{a6}} + \frac{[\mathrm H^+]^2}{K_{a6}K_{a5}} + \cdots\]

含义Meaning

考虑酸效应(Y⁴⁻ 被质子化)和金属离子副反应后,实际条件下配合物的“有效”稳定常数。由它判断某 pH 下能否用 EDTA 准确滴定(林邦)。

The effective formation constant after allowing for protonation of Y⁴⁻ and side reactions of the metal (Ringbom). It decides whether EDTA titration is accurate at a given pH.

符号说明Symbols

符号Symbol含义 Meaning单位 Unit
\(K_\mathrm{MY}\)绝对稳定常数absolute formation constantL·mol⁻¹
\(\alpha_{\mathrm Y(\mathrm H)}\)EDTA 酸效应系数(= c_Y′/[Y⁴⁻])acid side-reaction coefficient1
\(\alpha_\mathrm M\)金属离子副反应系数metal side-reaction coefficient1
\(c_\mathrm M\)计量点时金属浓度metal concentration at equivalencemol·L⁻¹

推导Derivation

  1. 游离 Y⁴⁻ 只占未配位 EDTA 的 \(1/\alpha_{\mathrm Y(\mathrm H)}\)。

    Free Y⁴⁻ is a fraction \(1/\alpha_{\mathrm Y(\mathrm H)}\) of uncomplexed EDTA.

  2. 用总浓度 [Y′]、[M′] 改写平衡式:\(K' = [\mathrm{MY}]/([\mathrm M'][\mathrm Y']) = K/(\alpha_\mathrm M\alpha_\mathrm Y)\)。

    Rewrite with total concentrations: \(K' = K/(\alpha_\mathrm M\alpha_\mathrm Y)\).

  3. 终点误差 ≤ 0.1%、ΔpM = ±0.2 时推出判据 \(\lg cK' \ge 6\);由此得到每种金属的最低滴定 pH(林邦曲线)。

    For ≤ 0.1 % error the criterion is lg cK′ ≥ 6, giving the minimum pH per metal (Ringbom curve).

适用条件与局限Assumptions & limitations

  • 活度效应忽略;αY(H) 依赖所用 pKa 数值和离子强度。

    Ignores activity; αY(H) depends on the pKa set and ionic strength.

例题Worked example

Ca²⁺(lg K = 10.7)在 pH 10(lg αY(H) = 0.45):lg K′ = 10.25,c = 0.01 mol/L 时 lg cK′ = 8.25 ≥ 6,可滴定。

Ca²⁺ at pH 10: lg K′ = 10.25, lg cK′ = 8.25 — titratable.