含义Meaning
到达化学计量点时,两种反应物的物质的量之比等于计量数之比。
At the equivalence point the amounts of the two reactants are in the ratio of their stoichiometric coefficients.
符号说明Symbols
| 符号Symbol | 含义 Meaning | 单位 Unit |
|---|---|---|
| \(c, V\) | 滴定剂 / 被测物的浓度与体积concentration and volume of titrant / analyte | mol·L⁻¹, L |
| \(\nu\) | 配平方程中的计量数coefficient in the balanced equation | 1 |
推导Derivation
对反应 \(\nu_\mathrm{A}\mathrm{A} + \nu_\mathrm{B}\mathrm{B} \to \cdots\),恰好完全反应时 \(n_\mathrm{A}/n_\mathrm{B} = \nu_\mathrm{A}/\nu_\mathrm{B}\)。
For \(\nu_\mathrm{A}\mathrm{A} + \nu_\mathrm{B}\mathrm{B} \to \cdots\), exact reaction means \(n_\mathrm{A}/n_\mathrm{B} = \nu_\mathrm{A}/\nu_\mathrm{B}\).
把 \(n = cV\) 代入即得。
Substitute \(n = cV\).
适用条件与局限Assumptions & limitations
终点(指示剂变色)与计量点不完全重合,带来终点误差;选指示剂使变色范围落在突跃内。
The end point (indicator change) differs slightly from the equivalence point; choose an indicator whose range lies within the jump.
多元酸、多步氧化还原要按实际反应确定 ν(如 KMnO₄ 与 Fe²⁺ 为 1 : 5)。
For polyprotic acids or multi-electron redox use the actual reaction’s ν (KMnO₄ : Fe²⁺ = 1 : 5).
例题Worked example
20.00 mL 未知 HCl 用 0.1000 mol/L NaOH 滴定消耗 22.40 mL:c(HCl) = 0.1000×22.40/20.00 = 0.1120 mol/L。
20.00 mL HCl needs 22.40 mL of 0.1000 mol/L NaOH: c(HCl) = 0.1120 mol/L.