双语化学辞典Chem Lexicon
高中Senior high 化学计量与基本定律 Stoichiometry & basic laws

滴定计量关系Titration stoichiometry

\[\frac{c_\mathrm{A} V_\mathrm{A}}{\nu_\mathrm{A}} = \frac{c_\mathrm{B} V_\mathrm{B}}{\nu_\mathrm{B}}\]

含义Meaning

到达化学计量点时,两种反应物的物质的量之比等于计量数之比。

At the equivalence point the amounts of the two reactants are in the ratio of their stoichiometric coefficients.

符号说明Symbols

符号Symbol含义 Meaning单位 Unit
\(c, V\)滴定剂 / 被测物的浓度与体积concentration and volume of titrant / analytemol·L⁻¹, L
\(\nu\)配平方程中的计量数coefficient in the balanced equation1

推导Derivation

  1. 对反应 \(\nu_\mathrm{A}\mathrm{A} + \nu_\mathrm{B}\mathrm{B} \to \cdots\),恰好完全反应时 \(n_\mathrm{A}/n_\mathrm{B} = \nu_\mathrm{A}/\nu_\mathrm{B}\)。

    For \(\nu_\mathrm{A}\mathrm{A} + \nu_\mathrm{B}\mathrm{B} \to \cdots\), exact reaction means \(n_\mathrm{A}/n_\mathrm{B} = \nu_\mathrm{A}/\nu_\mathrm{B}\).

  2. 把 \(n = cV\) 代入即得。

    Substitute \(n = cV\).

适用条件与局限Assumptions & limitations

  • 终点(指示剂变色)与计量点不完全重合,带来终点误差;选指示剂使变色范围落在突跃内。

    The end point (indicator change) differs slightly from the equivalence point; choose an indicator whose range lies within the jump.

  • 多元酸、多步氧化还原要按实际反应确定 ν(如 KMnO₄ 与 Fe²⁺ 为 1 : 5)。

    For polyprotic acids or multi-electron redox use the actual reaction’s ν (KMnO₄ : Fe²⁺ = 1 : 5).

例题Worked example

20.00 mL 未知 HCl 用 0.1000 mol/L NaOH 滴定消耗 22.40 mL:c(HCl) = 0.1000×22.40/20.00 = 0.1120 mol/L。

20.00 mL HCl needs 22.40 mL of 0.1000 mol/L NaOH: c(HCl) = 0.1120 mol/L.