双语化学辞典Chem Lexicon
本科Undergraduate 溶液与依数性 Solutions & colligative properties

离子强度Ionic strength

\[I = \frac12 \sum_i c_i z_i^2\]

含义Meaning

衡量溶液中离子电场总强度的量,高价离子贡献按电荷平方放大。活度系数和盐效应都由它决定。

A measure of the total ionic field; multiply charged ions count with z². It controls activity coefficients and salt effects.

符号说明Symbols

符号Symbol含义 Meaning单位 Unit
\(c_i\)离子 i 的浓度(或质量摩尔浓度 b_i)concentration (or molality) of ion imol·L⁻¹
\(z_i\)离子电荷数charge number1

推导Derivation

  1. 德拜–休克尔理论中,离子氛的屏蔽长度由泊松–玻尔兹曼方程决定,其中出现 \(\sum c_iz_i^2\)。

    In Debye–Hückel theory the screening length from the Poisson–Boltzmann equation involves \(\sum c_iz_i^2\).

  2. 乘以 1/2 使 1:1 电解质的 I 等于其浓度。

    The factor ½ makes I equal to c for a 1:1 electrolyte.

适用条件与局限Assumptions & limitations

  • 只是浓度的组合,不包含离子大小与特异作用。

    A purely concentration-based quantity; no ion size or specific effects.

例题Worked example

0.10 mol/L Na₂SO₄:I = ½(0.20×1² + 0.10×2²) = 0.30 mol/L。

0.10 mol/L Na₂SO₄: I = ½(0.20 + 0.40) = 0.30 mol/L.