含义Meaning
稳态下自由基聚合速率与单体浓度一次方、引发剂浓度平方根成正比(“平方根定律”),源于双基终止。
At steady state the rate is first order in monomer and half order in initiator (the square-root law), a consequence of bimolecular termination.
符号说明Symbols
| 符号Symbol | 含义 Meaning | 单位 Unit |
|---|---|---|
| \(k_d\) | 引发剂分解速率常数initiator decomposition rate constant | s⁻¹ |
| \(f\) | 引发效率initiator efficiency | 1 |
| \(k_p, k_t\) | 链增长、链终止速率常数propagation and termination rate constants | L·mol⁻¹·s⁻¹ |
| \([\mathrm M], [\mathrm I]\) | 单体、引发剂浓度monomer and initiator concentrations | mol·L⁻¹ |
推导Derivation
引发:\(\mathrm I \to 2\mathrm R\cdot\),\(R_i = 2fk_d[\mathrm I]\);增长 \(\mathrm{M}_n\cdot + \mathrm M \to \mathrm M_{n+1}\cdot\);终止 \(2\mathrm M\cdot \to\) 死聚物,\(R_t = 2k_t[\mathrm M\cdot]^2\)。
Initiation \(R_i = 2fk_d[\mathrm I]\); propagation; termination \(R_t = 2k_t[\mathrm M\cdot]^2\).
自由基浓度稳态:\(R_i = R_t\) ⇒ \([\mathrm M\cdot] = (fk_d[\mathrm I]/k_t)^{1/2}\)。
Steady state \(R_i = R_t\) gives \([\mathrm M\cdot]\).
单体主要消耗于增长:\(R_p = k_p[\mathrm M][\mathrm M\cdot]\)。
Monomer is consumed by propagation: \(R_p = k_p[\mathrm M][\mathrm M\cdot]\).
适用条件与局限Assumptions & limitations
高转化率时体系黏度上升,k_t 下降,出现自动加速(凝胶效应,特罗姆斯多夫效应)。
At high conversion viscosity lowers k_t, causing autoacceleration (Trommsdorff gel effect).
链转移、初级自由基终止会改变级数。
Chain transfer and primary-radical termination alter the orders.