\[\alpha = \frac{k_2}{k_1} = \frac{K_2}{K_1}\ (\alpha > 1)\]
含义Meaning
两组分保留因子之比，反映固定相、流动相对两者的区分能力；α = 1 时无论柱效多高都无法分离。
The ratio of retention factors, measuring how differently the phases treat the two solutes; with α = 1 no column efficiency can separate them.
符号说明Symbols
| 符号Symbol | 含义 Meaning | 单位 Unit |
|---|---|---|
| \(k_1, k_2\) | 先、后流出组分的保留因子retention factors of first and second peaks | 1 |
推导Derivation
由 k 的定义，相比相同而相消，α 等于分配系数之比。
The phase ratio cancels, leaving the ratio of distribution constants.
\(\ln\alpha = -\Delta(\Delta G^\circ)/RT\)：α 来自两组分转移自由能的差。
\(\ln\alpha = -\Delta(\Delta G^\circ)/RT\).
适用条件与局限Assumptions & limitations
随温度、流动相组成变化；改变 α 通常是改善分离最有效的途径。
Varies with temperature and eluent; changing α is often the most effective way to improve separation.