含义Meaning
液滴在固体表面达到平衡时三相界面张力的平衡(1805)。θ < 90° 为润湿(亲液),θ > 90° 为不润湿(疏液),θ > 150° 为超疏水(荷叶效应)。
Balance of the three interfacial tensions at the contact line (1805): θ < 90° wetting, θ > 90° non-wetting, θ > 150° superhydrophobic (lotus effect).
符号说明Symbols
| 符号Symbol | 含义 Meaning | 单位 Unit |
|---|---|---|
| \(\gamma_{sg}, \gamma_{sl}, \gamma_{lg}\) | 固–气、固–液、液–气界面张力solid–gas, solid–liquid, liquid–gas tensions | N·m⁻¹ |
| \(\theta\) | 接触角contact angle | ° |
| \(W_a\) | 黏附功(杜普雷)work of adhesion (Dupré) | J·m⁻² |
推导Derivation
三相线沿表面移动 dA:自由能变化 \(dG = (\gamma_{sl} - \gamma_{sg})dA + \gamma_{lg}\cos\theta\,dA\)。
Moving the contact line by dA changes G by \((\gamma_{sl} - \gamma_{sg} + \gamma_{lg}\cos\theta)dA\).
平衡时 dG = 0,即得杨氏方程(也可看成水平方向力的平衡)。
Setting dG = 0 gives Young’s equation (a horizontal force balance).
结合杜普雷式 \(W_a = \gamma_{sg} + \gamma_{lg} - \gamma_{sl}\) 得杨–杜普雷方程。
With Dupré’s W_a this gives Young–Dupré.
适用条件与局限Assumptions & limitations
适用于理想光滑、均匀、刚性表面;粗糙表面用文策尔或卡西–巴克斯特模型,实际存在接触角滞后。
Ideal smooth homogeneous surfaces; roughness needs Wenzel or Cassie–Baxter, and real surfaces show hysteresis.