本生灯Bunsen burner

燃气从底部喷嘴高速喷出，按文丘里原理从进气孔吸入空气预混后燃烧。空气孔关闭时燃烧不完全，形成明亮的黄色“安全焰”（含炽热的碳颗粒），温度较低；空气孔打开时形成蓝色火焰，分为内焰（还原焰，含未燃烧的 CO 和 H₂）和外焰（氧化焰，温度最高）。最高温度位于内焰尖端上方。

Gas jets from a nozzle at the base and, by the Venturi principle, draws air in through the holes to premix before burning. With the holes closed combustion is incomplete, giving a bright yellow 'safety flame' of glowing soot particles at lower temperature; with them open the flame turns blue, with an inner reducing cone containing unburnt CO and H₂ and an outer oxidising mantle that is hottest. The hottest point is just above the tip of the inner cone.

1855 年德国化学家罗伯特·本生与助手德萨加改进了法拉第等人的燃气灯，设计出可预混空气的燃烧器。本生用它的无色高温火焰与基尔霍夫一起发展了光谱分析，1860–1861 年由此发现了铯和铷。

In 1855 the German chemist Robert Bunsen and his technician Peter Desaga improved earlier gas burners, including Faraday's, into a burner that premixes air. Using its hot, colourless flame, Bunsen and Kirchhoff developed spectral analysis and discovered caesium and rubidium in 1860–61.

点火时先点燃火柴再开气阀；熄灭时关闭气阀；用于加热试管、坩埚、进行焰色反应和玻璃管加工。由于明火危险，现代有机实验室多改用加热套、加热板和油浴，在有易燃溶剂的场所严禁使用。

Light the match before opening the gas valve and turn off the gas to extinguish it. It is used to heat test tubes and crucibles, for flame tests and for glassworking. Because of the fire risk, modern organic laboratories mostly use heating mantles, hotplates and oil baths, and open flames are forbidden near flammable solvents.