双语化学辞典Chem Lexicon
高中Senior high 化学计量与基本定律 Stoichiometry & basic laws

物质的量浓度与质量分数换算Molarity–mass fraction conversion

\[c = \frac{1000\,\rho\, w}{M}\]

含义Meaning

把质量分数换算为物质的量浓度。ρ 的单位为 g/mL(g/cm³),所以出现 1000。

Converts mass fraction to molarity; with ρ in g/mL the factor 1000 converts mL to L.

符号说明Symbols

符号Symbol含义 Meaning单位 Unit
\(c\)物质的量浓度molar concentrationmol·L⁻¹
\(\rho\)溶液密度solution densityg·mL⁻¹
\(w\)溶质质量分数(小数)mass fraction (decimal)1
\(M\)溶质摩尔质量molar mass of soluteg·mol⁻¹

推导Derivation

  1. 取 1 L(1000 mL)溶液,质量为 \(1000\rho\) g。

    Take 1 L (1000 mL) of solution: its mass is \(1000\rho\) g.

  2. 其中溶质质量 \(1000\rho w\) g,物质的量 \(1000\rho w/M\) mol。

    The solute mass is \(1000\rho w\) g, i.e. \(1000\rho w/M\) mol.

  3. 除以体积 1 L 即得 c。

    Divide by 1 L to obtain c.

适用条件与局限Assumptions & limitations

  • ρ 必须是该浓度下溶液的实测密度(查表),不能用水的密度代替(稀溶液除外)。

    Use the measured density of that solution (from tables), not water’s, except for dilute solutions.

  • 注意单位:若 ρ 用 g/L,则公式中没有 1000。

    Mind units: with ρ in g/L the 1000 disappears.

例题Worked example

浓硫酸 w = 98%,ρ = 1.84 g/mL:c = 1000×1.84×0.98/98 = 18.4 mol/L。

Concentrated H₂SO₄ (w = 98 %, ρ = 1.84 g/mL): c = 18.4 mol/L.