\[c = \frac{1000\,\rho\, w}{M}\]
含义Meaning
把质量分数换算为物质的量浓度。ρ 的单位为 g/mL(g/cm³),所以出现 1000。
Converts mass fraction to molarity; with ρ in g/mL the factor 1000 converts mL to L.
符号说明Symbols
| 符号Symbol | 含义 Meaning | 单位 Unit |
|---|---|---|
| \(c\) | 物质的量浓度molar concentration | mol·L⁻¹ |
| \(\rho\) | 溶液密度solution density | g·mL⁻¹ |
| \(w\) | 溶质质量分数(小数)mass fraction (decimal) | 1 |
| \(M\) | 溶质摩尔质量molar mass of solute | g·mol⁻¹ |
推导Derivation
取 1 L(1000 mL)溶液,质量为 \(1000\rho\) g。
Take 1 L (1000 mL) of solution: its mass is \(1000\rho\) g.
其中溶质质量 \(1000\rho w\) g,物质的量 \(1000\rho w/M\) mol。
The solute mass is \(1000\rho w\) g, i.e. \(1000\rho w/M\) mol.
除以体积 1 L 即得 c。
Divide by 1 L to obtain c.
适用条件与局限Assumptions & limitations
ρ 必须是该浓度下溶液的实测密度(查表),不能用水的密度代替(稀溶液除外)。
Use the measured density of that solution (from tables), not water’s, except for dilute solutions.
注意单位:若 ρ 用 g/L,则公式中没有 1000。
Mind units: with ρ in g/L the 1000 disappears.
例题Worked example
浓硫酸 w = 98%,ρ = 1.84 g/mL:c = 1000×1.84×0.98/98 = 18.4 mol/L。
Concentrated H₂SO₄ (w = 98 %, ρ = 1.84 g/mL): c = 18.4 mol/L.