定义Definition
锥形瓶是一种平底、锥形瓶身、细颈的玻璃容器。其形状便于摇动混匀而不易溅出，是滴定实验的标准接收容器，也用于加热溶液、重结晶和微生物培养。
An Erlenmeyer flask is a glass vessel with a flat bottom, conical body and narrow neck. Its shape allows swirling without splashing, making it the standard receiver in titrations; it is also used for heating solutions, recrystallisation and culturing microbes.
特点与用途Features and uses
锥形底部宽而稳定，窄口能减少溶剂蒸发和溅出，且便于用塞子封口。滴定时用右手握住瓶颈做圆周摇动。重结晶时，锥形瓶中溶剂蒸气会在瓶颈冷凝回流，减少损失。加热时需垫石棉网，不能直接用火焰加热。厚壁的抽滤瓶（带侧管的锥形瓶）用于减压过滤，但不能加热。
The wide base is stable and the narrow neck reduces evaporation and splashing and is easy to stopper. In titration it is swirled by the neck with the right hand. During recrystallisation solvent vapour condenses in the neck and runs back, reducing losses. Heat it on a gauze, not directly in a flame. The thick-walled filter flask, a conical flask with a side arm, is used for suction filtration but must not be heated.
由来Origin
1860 年德国化学家埃米尔·埃伦迈尔设计了这种烧瓶。埃伦迈尔还提出了埃伦迈尔规则（烯醇式结构一般不稳定，会转变为醛或酮），并最早提出萘的稠环结构。
The German chemist Emil Erlenmeyer designed the flask in 1860. He also formulated Erlenmeyer's rule, that enols are generally unstable and tautomerise to aldehydes or ketones, and first proposed the fused-ring structure of naphthalene.
规格Sizes
常见容积为 50、100、250、500、1000 mL，带刻度的锥形瓶刻度仅为近似值，不能用于准确量取体积。碘量瓶是带磨口塞和水封槽的锥形瓶，用于碘量法滴定以防碘挥发。
Common sizes are 50, 100, 250, 500 and 1000 mL; graduations on a flask are only approximate and must not be used for accurate volumes. The iodine flask, a conical flask with a ground stopper and water-seal lip, is used in iodometric titrations to stop iodine escaping.
年表Timeline
- 1860
埃伦迈尔设计锥形瓶
Erlenmeyer designs his flask