全球化学品统一分类和标签制度Globally Harmonized System of Classification and Labelling of Chemicals

GHS 把危害分为物理危害（爆炸物、易燃气体/液体/固体、氧化性物质、自反应物质、金属腐蚀物等）、健康危害（急性毒性、皮肤腐蚀/刺激、严重眼损伤、致敏、致癌、致突变、生殖毒性、特异性靶器官毒性、吸入危害）和环境危害（水生毒性、危害臭氧层）。九种菱形红框象形图分别为：爆炸的炸弹、火焰、圆圈上的火焰（氧化剂）、气瓶、腐蚀、骷髅和交叉骨（急性剧毒）、感叹号（刺激/有害）、健康危害（人体剪影）和环境（枯树死鱼）。

GHS divides hazards into physical (explosives; flammable gases, liquids and solids; oxidisers; self-reactive substances; substances corrosive to metals and more), health (acute toxicity; skin corrosion or irritation; serious eye damage; sensitisation; carcinogenicity; mutagenicity; reproductive toxicity; specific target-organ toxicity; aspiration hazard) and environmental (aquatic toxicity; ozone-layer hazard). Its nine red-bordered diamond pictograms are the exploding bomb, flame, flame over circle (oxidiser), gas cylinder, corrosion, skull and crossbones (acute toxicity), exclamation mark (irritant or harmful), health hazard (human silhouette) and environment (dead tree and fish).

GHS 标签包括：产品标识、象形图、信号词（“危险” Danger 或“警告” Warning）、危险说明（H 语句，如 H225 高度易燃液体和蒸气，H301 吞咽会中毒）、防范说明（P 语句，如 P210 远离热源、火花和明火）以及供应商信息。

A GHS label carries the product identifier, pictograms, a signal word ('Danger' or 'Warning'), hazard statements (H-statements such as H225 'highly flammable liquid and vapour' and H301 'toxic if swallowed'), precautionary statements (P-statements such as P210 'keep away from heat, sparks and open flames') and supplier details.

1992 年联合国环境与发展大会（里约峰会）提出建立全球统一的化学品分类标签制度。2002 年约翰内斯堡峰会鼓励各国在 2008 年前实施，2003 年联合国经社理事会通过第一版 GHS，此后每两年修订一次。中国于 2011 年起全面实施 GHS。

The 1992 UN Conference on Environment and Development (the Rio Earth Summit) called for a globally harmonised system. The 2002 Johannesburg Summit encouraged countries to implement it by 2008, and the UN Economic and Social Council adopted the first edition in 2003, revised every two years since. China implemented GHS fully from 2011.