施兰克技术Schlenk line

双排管通过双斜孔三通活塞与各接口相连，旋转活塞可使反应瓶在真空和氮气（或氩气）之间切换。真空端经液氮冷阱保护真空泵；惰性气体端末端接油鼓泡器，观察气流并防止空气倒灌。玻璃仪器先在真空下用热风枪烘烤除去吸附水，再充气，反复三次。液体试剂用注射器或双头针在惰性气体正压下通过橡胶隔垫转移；固体在气流保护下加入。

The manifold connects to each port through a double-oblique two-way stopcock, so a flask can be switched between vacuum and nitrogen or argon. The vacuum side protects the pump with a liquid-nitrogen cold trap; the gas side ends in an oil bubbler to show flow and stop air backing in. Glassware is heated under vacuum with a heat gun to drive off adsorbed water and then refilled, three times over. Liquids are transferred by syringe or cannula through rubber septa under positive inert-gas pressure, and solids are added under a counterflow of gas.

德国化学家威廉·施兰克（1879–1943）在研究有机碱金属化合物和三苯甲基自由基等空气敏感物种时，设计了带侧管活塞的烧瓶和相关操作方法。他也发现了格氏试剂溶液中的施兰克平衡：2 RMgX ⇌ R₂Mg + MgX₂。

The German chemist Wilhelm Schlenk (1879–1943), working on air-sensitive organo-alkali compounds and radicals such as triphenylmethyl, designed the side-arm flask and methods that bear his name. He also discovered the Schlenk equilibrium in Grignard solutions, 2 RMgX ⇌ R₂Mg + MgX₂.

广泛用于金属有机化学、配位化学、聚合催化、无机合成和自由基化学。液氮冷阱不能在通入空气时使用，否则液氧会冷凝，遇有机物有爆炸危险；使用前检查玻璃有无裂纹，高真空下有内爆风险。

It is widely used in organometallic and coordination chemistry, polymerisation catalysis, inorganic synthesis and radical chemistry. Never leave a liquid-nitrogen trap open to air, as liquid oxygen condenses and can explode with organic matter; check glassware for cracks, since high vacuum carries an implosion risk.