\[\chi_\mathrm{AR} = 0.744 + 0.359\,\frac{Z_\text{eff}}{(r_\text{cov}/\text{Å})^2}\]
含义Meaning
把电负性看作原子核对共价半径处价电子的静电吸引力（1958），用斯莱特有效核电荷计算，可得到所有元素的值并与鲍林标度一致。
Electronegativity as the electrostatic pull of the nucleus on an electron at the covalent radius (1958), using Slater’s effective charge; scaled to match Pauling.
符号说明Symbols
| 符号Symbol | 含义 Meaning | 单位 Unit |
|---|---|---|
| \(Z_\text{eff}\) | 斯莱特有效核电荷Slater effective nuclear charge | 1 |
| \(r_\text{cov}\) | 共价半径covalent radius | Å |
推导Derivation
作用力 \(F = Z_\text{eff}e^2/(4\pi\varepsilon_0r^2)\)。
Force \(F = Z_\text{eff}e^2/(4\pi\varepsilon_0r^2)\).
线性拟合到鲍林值得到系数 0.359 与截距 0.744。
Fit linearly to Pauling values.
适用条件与局限Assumptions & limitations
依赖斯莱特规则和共价半径的取值。
Depends on Slater rules and chosen radii.
例题Worked example
Cl：Z_eff = 6.10，r = 0.99 Å → χ = 0.744 + 0.359×6.10/0.98 = 2.98（鲍林 3.16）。
Cl: χ = 2.98 (Pauling 3.16).