\[[\mathrm{OH^-}] \approx \sqrt{K_bc},\qquad \mathrm{pH} = 14 - \tfrac12(\mathrm pK_b - \lg c)\]
含义Meaning
与弱酸对称:在电离度小时,[OH⁻] 约为 √(Kb c)。
The mirror image of the weak-acid case: [OH⁻] ≈ √(Kb c) for small dissociation.
符号说明Symbols
| 符号Symbol | 含义 Meaning | 单位 Unit |
|---|---|---|
| \(K_b\) | 碱常数base constant | 1 |
| \(c\) | 碱的分析浓度analytical concentration | mol·L⁻¹ |
推导Derivation
B + H₂O ⇌ BH⁺ + OH⁻,近似条件与弱酸相同。
B + H₂O ⇌ BH⁺ + OH⁻ with the same approximations.
求出 pOH 后用 pH = pKw − pOH。
Find pOH, then pH = pKw − pOH.
适用条件与局限Assumptions & limitations
同弱酸的近似条件。
Same conditions as for weak acids.
例题Worked example
0.10 mol/L 氨水(Kb = 1.8×10⁻⁵):pOH = 2.87,pH = 11.13。
0.10 M ammonia: pH = 11.13.